Have you ever wondered how the things go around you? Well you would have and also got to know about it. All that science class is for that only. Remembering all that equation, wondering new things. Experimenting with all those numbers and sign. Maths when seen at glance feels like an alien language. Whereas when you study about it, it gets even more interesting.
Here we are going to show you Top 10 Scientific Theories that revolutionised science we know today and how we which let us to see know todays world.
10. Information Theory
Information theory studies the quantification, storage, and communication of information. It was originally proposed by Claude Shannon in 1948 to find fundamental limits on signal processing and communication operations such as data compression, in a landmark paper titled "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". Its impact has been crucial to the success of the Voyager missions to deep space, the invention of the compact disc, the feasibility of mobile phones, the development of the Internet, the study of linguistics and of human perception, the understanding of black holes, and numerous other fields.
This theory explains that everything around is information. Just like webpage in which the user observes the stylish page but behind it there is a big page of lines codes. If you change it the entire webpage will be changed; just like that, the objects you see around you is made with information with may be composed of series made of 0s' and 1s'. If you change it the object may change its dimensions size quality if done correctly. Done in a wrong way can destroy it or even upgrade.
9. The Big Bang Theory
The Big Bang Theory is a cosmological model that depicts how the present universe is expanding and is increasing in size. At first there was a near a point sized sphere of infinite mass and infinite volume, expanded with a burst in which the energy and sub-atomic particles accelerated even faster than the speed of light299,792 km/h (or ~300,000 km/h). This caused an rapid inflation of the universe. Also today the universe is still expanding.
The model offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, large-scale structure, and Hubble's law - the farther away galaxies are, the faster they are moving away from Earth. If the observed conditions are extrapolated backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the prediction is that just before a period of very high density there was a singularity. Current knowledge is insufficient to determine if the singularity was primordial.
8. The Theory of Evolution - Darwism
In the early 19th century Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) proposed his theory of the transmutation of species, the first fully formed theory of evolution. In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859).
Darwism suggested that every organism evolved from a single cell organism. From time the unicellular organism evolved into multicellular and then to complex organism with a very special organ- brain.
Darwirsm also proposed a very famous theory about humans who evolved from chimpanzee and are from primates family.
7. Oxygen theory of combustion
We all should be grateful to Antoine Lavoisier. Why? Well he's the one who helped todays vehicle to work letting to to go work as soon as possible; letting you to travel the world in just hours through plane; letting astronauts touching the sky and seeing the unseen. He gave the theory combustion. The oxygen theory of combustion resulted from a demanding and sustained campaign to construct an experimentally grounded chemical theory of combustion, respiration, and calcination.
This breakthrough theory let us know the concept behind combustion via oxygen.
5. Schrödinger's cat
Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935, though the idea originated from Albert Einstein. It illustrates what he saw as the problem of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics applied to everyday objects. The scenario presents a hypothetical cat that may be simultaneously both alive and dead, a state known as a quantum superposition, as a result of being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may not occur.
Schrödinger's cat was a breakthrough in world of quantum mechanics as it explained how to universe can live at a same place with two opposite effects and result.
In a nutshell just imagin that you have broken a vase but in the other side of the reality you have never dropped one.
4. The Theory of Special Relativity
You must have heard about this theory in your lifetime. Albert Einstein, in his theory of special relativity, determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and he showed that the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels. Neverthless, Mr. Einstein became very famous after that theory.
To understand it better take a look at this example.
Imagine you sitting in your car which is travelling at a speed of 100km/h(~62.1 m/h), and you pass a tree beside. For you, the tree will pass you behind at a relative (it means your speed with respect to tree) speed of 100km/h(62.1m/h). But now imagine that instead of a still tree there is a person who isn't stationary and is moving at a constant speed of 10km/h(~6.2m/h). If you cross the person then your reltive speed will be 90km/h(~55.9m/h), as the other person is also moving and you will think that the person is crossed a little slowly than the tree whereas your actual speed is 100km/h only with respect to time.
Well this is a simple and small example. This theory's application are widely done in the concept of time and reality in black hole.
2. Heliocentrism
We all know that the Sun is in the center of our solar system and is the dominant celestial object. Well, reality was not accepted until 1543, when Nicolaus Copernicus published his study De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ("On the revolution of heavenly spheres"), in which he depicted that like Earth, other celestial bodies of our solar system revolve around the Sun.
There was a huge controversy regarding this model which opposed the Geocentric model proposed by PtolemyLatin in full Claudius Ptolemaeus (fl. AD 127-145, Alexandria), ancient astronomer, geographer, and mathematician who considered the Earth the center of the universe (the "Ptolemaic system"). Virtually nothing is known about his life. that said the Earth was in the center. You may think that this theory was crazy but this idea was most followed idea and who ever who dared to question this idea was considered that the person was questioning the God. Due these orthodox, Copernicus had very great hardship to prove his theory.
It was the legend Galileo GalileiGalileo di Vincenzo Bonaulti de Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath, from Pisa. Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of modern science". who later proved this theory. He concluded that Venus must travel around the Sun, passing at times behind and beyond it, rather than revolving directly around the Earth, by understanding the phases of Venus.
Believe it or not Galileo also faced hardship during proving his theory. When he did proved his theory that Earth does revolve around Sun, the ctholic church sentenced him house arrest. His health was also not good and died during the punishments.
1. Theory of everything
For this theory by Stephen Hawking you need an entire lifetime. Its loops beauty, toughness, knowledge and everything.
A theory of everything (TOE or ToE), final theory, ultimate theory, or master theory is a hypothetical single, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all physical aspects of the universe. Finding a TOE is one of the major unsolved problems in physics. String theory is a theory of everything. M-theory is a theory of everything. Over the past few centuries, two theoretical frameworks have been developed that, together, most closely resemble a TOE. These two theories upon which all modern physics rests are general relativity and quantum mechanics. General relativity is a theoretical framework that only focuses on gravity for understanding the universe in regions of both large scale and high mass: stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, etc. On the other hand, quantum mechanics is a theoretical framework that only focuses on three non-gravitational forces for understanding the universe in regions of both small scale and low mass: sub-atomic particles, atoms, molecules, etc. Quantum mechanics successfully implemented the Standard Model that describes the three non-gravitational forces - strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and electromagnetic force - as well as all observed elementary particles.
Also the Hawking's Radiation Theory, which was a breakthrough in understanding not only black holes but normal matter.
The God's particle which is known to be the fundamental particle of everything which is seen the LHC in Cern.